Analysis (noun)

1. The process of breaking something down into its component parts in order to study its nature and/or determine its essential features.
2. The examination of data or information in order to explain and understand it.
3. The interpretation of a situation or process in order to make a judgment about it.

Origin:

Late 16th century: via latin from greek analusis, from analuein 'unloose, dissolve' (in late greek also 'consider').

Examples:

1. The analysis of the data showed a clear trend.
2. The study was based on a detailed analysis of the data.
3. The analysis of the situation revealed several key issues.
4. A proper financial analysis can help predict future profits.
5. The doctor suggested a DNA analysis to determine the genetic predisposition.