Caliph (noun)

1. A spiritual leader of Islam, considered to be the successor of the Prophet Muhammad and the head of the Islamic community.
2. A ruler or sovereign of a Muslim state.

Origin:

The word 'caliph' comes from the arabic word khalīfah, meaning 'successor' or 'representative'.

Examples:

1. The caliph was the highest authority in the Islamic world, responsible for interpreting the Quran and providing guidance to the Muslim community.
2. The caliph was the head of state in many Muslim countries, ruling with absolute power and authority.
3. The caliph was a controversial figure, as many believed that the position should be held by a direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.
4. The caliph was often at odds with other religious leaders, as he sought to centralize power and control over the Islamic world.
5. The caliph was a symbol of unity for the Muslim community, and was respected and revered by millions of believers around the world.