Extrapolation (noun)

The process or result of inferring or estimating unknown information by extending or projecting known information.

Origin:

From latin extra + polare, meaning 'to project'.

Examples:

1. The economist used extrapolation to predict the future trends in the stock market.
2. The meteorologist relied on extrapolation to forecast the weather conditions for the next week.
3. The scientist made an extrapolation of the data to estimate the size of the universe.
4. The analyst used extrapolation to estimate the sales figures for the next quarter.
5. The survey used extrapolation to project the population growth for the next decade.