Longitudinal (adjective)

1. Running lengthwise or in the direction of the longest axis.
2. Relating to or involving the measurement of change over time in a particular group or population.

Origin:

Late 19th century: from latin longitudin- 'lengthwise' + -al.

Examples:

1. The cracks in the road ran in a longitudinal direction.
2. A longitudinal study of education in the United States showed a decrease in reading skills among school-aged children.
3. The company conducted a longitudinal survey to measure customer satisfaction over time.
4. The blade was designed with a longitudinal curve to increase its cutting efficiency.
5. The rock was cut into thin, longitudinal sections for further analysis.