Sediment (noun)

1. Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid.
2. A deposit of solid particles that has settled out of a liquid.
3. Material, such as sand or mud, that is laid down by water, wind, or glacial action.
4. The process of sedimentation.

Origin:

Late middle english: from latin sedimentum, from sedere "to sit".

Examples:

1. The sediment at the bottom of the lake is made up of clay and silt.
2. The wine had sediment in the bottom of the bottle.
3. The sedimentary rock formations in the canyon were formed over millions of years.
4. The sediment in the water made it hard to see the fish.
5. The process of sedimentation forms layers of rock over time.